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Open Wireshark at the link between R2 and R3. You can start packet capture by right clicking on the link and selecting Start capture. Try ping and traceroute again. Observe encapsulation of IPv6 inside IPv4 and traceroute operation
Создайте неуловимый VPN своими руками! Это руководство поможет настроить VLESS с XTLS Reality (мимикрия под другие сайты) и Cloudflare WARP (скрытие IP) на Ubuntu 22.04 через панель 3x-UI. Подробные шаги, от подготовки сервера до тестов Wireshark.
Explore the OSI Application Layer (Layer 7) – the layer closest to the user! Learn how it provides network services to applications like email, web browsing, and file transfer.
Discover the OSI Presentation Layer (Layer 6)! Learn how it handles data formatting, encryption/decryption, and compression, ensuring applications can understand each other.
Explore the OSI Session Layer (Layer 5). Learn how it manages communication sessions (dialogs) between applications, handles synchronization, and uses checkpoints for recovery.
Dive into the OSI Transport Layer (Layer 4). Learn about TCP and UDP, ports, flow control, and how data gets delivered reliably.
